Rakhine and Chin states are the westernmost states in Myanmar and are the epicenter of both the Rohingya crisis and the ongoing conflict between the Arakan Army and Tatmadaw. Meeting the immediate needs of Rakhine, Chin and other ethnic minority IDP communities — as well as those of Rohingya and other Muslims in camp and non-camp settings — thus form a major focus of the Rakhine and Chin programming. However, Rakhine and Chin states are also the least developed regions of the country, with all communities facing high rates of poverty and malnutrition, few decent work opportunities, limited access to educaction and healthcare, poor infrastructure, and extreme vulnerability to climate change due to environmental exploitation. Rohingya and other Muslim communities face additional significant rights challenges that compound their difficulty in accessing documentation, livelihoods and services. Significant tensions between the Union state and Rakhine communities persist, rooted in long-held grievances around exclusion and marginalization of Rakhine State. Intercommunal dynamics also remain tense, particularly between Buddhist and Muslim communities; tensions between ethnic Rakhine and other ethnic minorities have also increased as a result of the AA-Tatmadaw conflict.